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Bemerkenswert sind in diesem Kontext auch die auch die frühen Gedanken des Quäkers W. Penn, dessen Entwurf der Charter of Delaware (1701)unter dem Eindruck der Forderungen nach Religions- und Gewissensfreiheit sowie angesichts der banalen Erfahrung von der Sterblichkeit der Menschen bereits einen "amending-process" vorsah. Penn formulierte, dass "no Act, Law or Ordinance whatever" shall [sic!] "alter, change or diminish the Form or Effect of this Charter [...] without the Consent of the Governor [...] and Six Parts of Seven of the Assembly [...]." Darüberhinaus fand sich in der Charter eine Garantie, dass "the First Article of this Charter relating to liberty of Conscience, and every Part and CLause therein [...] shal be kept and remain, without any Alteration, inviolably for ever", zitiert nach F. Thorpe, The Federal and State Constitutions, Colonial Charters and Other Organic Laws of the States, Territories, and Colonies Now or Heretofore Forming the United States of America, 1909, S. 560. |
Seeking both to protect such liberty and aware that his plan of government, like all other such arrangements drafted by mortals, would require alterations, Penn in effect invented an amending process and included it within his charters. Penn's Charter of Delaware (1701) typified his developed thinking on this subject. After first providing that "no Act, Law or Ordinance whatever" shall [sic!] "alter, change or diminish the Form or Effect of this Charter. . .without the Consent of the Governor. . .and Six Parts of Seven of the Assembly. . .", Penn went on to guarantee that "the First Article of this Charter relating to liberty of Conscience, and every Part and Clause therein . .. shall be kept and remain, without any Alteration, inviolably for ever." [Fn. 14: 1 F. THORPE, THE FEDERAL AND STATE CONSTITUTIONS, COLONIAL CHARTERS AND OTHER ORGANIC LAWS OF THE STATES, TERRITORIES, AND COLONIES NOW OR HERETOFORE FORMING THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 560 (1909).] |
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